Selina Solutions Concise Maths Class 10 Chapter 22 Heights and Distances
Trigonometry has a wide range of real-time applications and one of them is the height and distance of buildings and the detection between objects. This chapter is also one of the important chapters of ICSE Class 10. Understanding elevation angle and depression is the mainstay of this chapter. Students who find it difficult to solve the problems in this chapter can use Selina Solutions for Class 10 Mathematics prepared by subject experts at MPS Maths PDF Solutions. This resource is designed to boost students' confidence to take their final board exam. Selina Solutions for Class 10 Mathematics Chapter 22 Heights and Distance PDF is available by practice in the link below.
Selina Solutions Concise Maths Class 10 Chapter 22 Heights and Distances Exercise 22(C)
1. Find AD.
(i)
Solution:
In ∆AEB,
AE/BE = tan 32o
AE = 20 x 0.6249 = 12.50 m
AD = AE + ED = 12.50 + 5 = 17.50 m
(ii)
Solution:
In ∆ABC,
∠ACD = ∠ABC + ∠BAC
and ∠ABC = ∠BAC [Since, AC = BC]
∠ABC = ∠BAC = 48o/ 2 = 24o
Now,
AD/AB = sin 24o
AD = 30 x 0.4067 = 12.20 m
2. In the following diagram, AB is a floor-board; PQRS is a cubical box with each edge = 1 m and ∠B = 60o. Calculate the length of the board AB.
Solution:
In ∆PSB,
PS/PB = sin 60o
PB = 2/ √3 = 1.155 m
In ∆APQ,
∠APQ = 60o
PQ/AP = cos 60o
AP = 1/ (1/2) = 2 m
Thus,
AB = AP + PB = 2 + 1.155 = 3.155 m
3. Calculate BC.
Solution:
In ∆ADC,
CD/AD = tan 42o
CD = 20 x 0.9004 = 18.008 m
In ∆ADB,
AD/BD = tan 35o
BD = AD/ tan 35o = 20/ 0.7002 = 28.563 m
Thus, BC = BD – CD = 10.55 m
4. Calculate AB.
Solution:
In ∆AMOB,
cos 30o = AO/MO
√3/2 = AO/6
AO = 5.20 m
In ∆BNO,
sin 47o = OB/NO
0.73 = OB/5
OB = 3.65 m
So, AB = OA + OB
AB = 5.20 + 3.65
AB = 8.85 m
5. The radius of a circle is given as 15 cm and chord AB subtends an angle of 131o at the centre C of the circle. Using trigonometry, calculate:
(i) the length of AB;
(ii) the distance of AB from the centre C.
Solution:
Given, CA = CB = 15 cm and ∠ACB = 131o
Construct a perpendicular CP from centre C to the chord AB.
Then, CP bisects ∠ACB as well as chord AB.
So, ∠ACP = 65.5o
In ∆ACP,
AP/AC = sin (65.5o)
AP = 15 x 0.91 = 13.65 cm
(i) AB = 2 AP = 2 x 13.65 = 27.30 cm
(ii) CP = AP cos (65.5o) = 15 x 0.415 = 6.22 cm
6. At a point on level ground, the angle of elevation of a vertical tower is found to be such that its tangent is 5/12. On walking 192 meters towards the tower, the tangent of the angle is found to be 3/4. Find the height of the tower.
Solution:
Let’s assume AB to be the vertical tower and C and D be the two points such that CD = 192 m.
And let ∠ACB = θ and ∠ADB = α
Given,
tan θ = 5/12
AB/BC = 5/12
AB = 5/12 BC …… (i)
Also, tan α = ¾
AB/BD = ¾
(5/12 x BC)/ BD = ¾
(192 + BD)/ BD = ¾ x 12/5
BD = 240 m
BC = (192 + 240) = 432 m
By (i), AB = 5/12 x 432 = 180 m
Therefore, the height of the tower is 180 m.
7. A vertical tower stands on a horizontal plane and is surmounted by a vertical flagstaff of height h meter. At a point on the plane, the angle of elevation of the bottom of the flagstaff is α and at the top of the flagstaff is β. Prove that the height of the tower is h tan α/ (tan β – tan α).
Solution:
Let AB be the tower of height x metre, surmounted by a vertical flagstaff AD. Let C be a point on the plane such that ∠ACB = α, ∠ACB = β and AD = h.
In ∆ABC,
AB/BC = tan α
BC = x/ tan α ……. (i)
In ∆DBC,
BD/BC = tan β
BD = (x/tan α) x tan β …… [From (i)]
(h + x) tan α = x tan β
x tan β – x tan α = h tan α
Therefore, height of the tower is h tan α/ (tan β – tan α)
8. With reference to the given figure, a man stands on the ground at point A, which is on the same horizontal plane as B, the foot of the vertical pole BC. The height of the pole is 10 m. The man’s eye s 2 m above the ground. He observes the angle of elevation of C, the top of the pole, as xo, where tan xo = 2/5. Calculate:
(i) the distance AB in metres;
(ii) angle of elevation of the top of the pole when he is standing 15 metres from the pole. Give your answer to the nearest degree.
Solution:
Let take AD to be the height of the man, AD = 2 m.
So, CE = (10 – 2) = 8 m
(i) In ∆CED,
CE/DE = tan x = 2/5
8/DE = 2/5
⇒ DE = 20 m
And, as AB = DE we get
AB = 20 m
(ii) Let A’D’ be the new position of the man and θ be the angle of elevation of the top of the tower.
So, D’E = 15 m
In ∆CED,
tan θ = CE/ D’E = 8/15 = 0.533
θ = 28o
9. The angles of elevation of the top of a tower from two points on the ground at distances a and b meters from the base of the tower and in the same line are complementary. Prove that the height of the tower is √ab meter.
Solution:
Let’s assume AB to be the tower of height h meters.
And, let C and D be two points on the level ground such that BC = b meters, BD = a meters, ∠ACB = α, ∠ADB = β.
Given, α + β = 90o
In ∆ABC,
AB/BC = tan α
h/b = tan α ….. (i)
In ∆ABD,
AB/BD = tan β
h/a = tan (90o – α) = cot α ….. (ii)
Now, multiplying (i) by (ii), we get
(h/a) x (h/b) = 1
h2 = ab
So, h = √ab meter
Therefore, height of the tower is √ab meter.
10. From a window A, 10 m above the ground the angle of elevation of the top C of a tower is xo, where tan xo = 5/2 and the angle of depression of the foot D of the tower is yo, where tan yo = 1/4. Calculate the height CD of the tower in metres.
Solution:
We have, AB = DE = 10 m
So, in ∆ABC
DE/AE = tan y = ¼
AE = 4 DE = 4 x 10 = 40 m
In ∆ABC,
CE/AE = tan x = 5/2
CE = 40 x 5/2 = 100 m
So, CD = DE + EC = 10 + 100 = 110 m
Therefore, the height of the tower CD is 110 m.
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